Communication Strategy In Obesity Awareness Health And Social Care Essay

Communication Strategy In Obesity Awareness Health And Social Care Essay Communication is a procedure that is basically concerned with the transmission and acceptance of messages which may either change peoples perception or not (Tones and Green, 2005). This delivery of information and counsel is fundamental to strategies in a well being programme development (Naidoo and Wills, 2009, p.185). This procedure and the result of its accessibility, presents impulsive responses that affect the attitudes and opinions of many people. Therefore, communication strategy means the use of conventional media support to pass across important information to the populace so as to enhance a change in peoples way of life (Naidoo and Wills, 2009, p.185). The communication strategy for this assignment will focus on the issue of obesity among college students in Newtownabbey area of Northern Ireland, how to raise awareness about its risk, and how to combat it through informed knowledge by reducing the havoc it can cause later in life to young adults if proper strategies are not put in place. Rationale In the western world most especially in the UK and the USA an outbreak of diet associated ailment is affecting the general public, which had led to an exceptional increase in the occurrence of obesity and its related ailment, that have led to imperative intervention for its eradication (Department of Health, Chief Medical Officer, 2003). It was also estimated by the (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2002) that roughly 58% of type 2 diabetes, 21% of CVD and 42% of some kind of cancers are ascribed to surplus adiposity in the body. This data was supported by a report written by the National Audit Office (2001) stating that over 9000 premature mortality is recorded each year in England due to obesity related disease, which causes a reduction in life anticipation by about 9 years. The consequences of obesity can have a serious impact on peoples health and wellbeing especially teenagers by affecting them socially, psychologically and physically. This impact of obesity was summarised by (DHSSPS, 2002; Fit-future, 2006) as Socially causing a reduction of life expectancy by roughly nine years. Physically causing a major increase in the risk of Northern Ireland leading destructive ailment like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Psychologically causing a major impact on teenagers self-esteem and emotional well being. Physically predisposing overweight children to becoming obese adults in future. In Northern Ireland it was reported that obesity was said to be causing 450 deaths every year which is equal to more than 4000 years of misplaced life (DHSSPS, 2002). Also it was gathered that this pandemic always lead to a 260 000 wasted productive years, which is equivalent to around  £500 million economic lost (Fit-future, 2006). Background Obesity in children has drastically increased in England from 11% in 1995 to 19% in 2004 among boys of ages between 2-15 years old while the same trend also affected girls of the same age range by a radical increase from 12% in 1995 to 18% in 2004 (Department of health [DH], 2005). Fit-future (2006) also reported that the level of obesity in children in Northern Ireland is increasing every year resulting in about 20% of boys and 25% of girls being overweight or obese in primary one. This has resulted into more than a quarter increment in overweight and obesity in the last 10 years among 12 and 15 years old teenagers residing in Northern Ireland (Watkins and Murray, 2005). This is why this communication strategy intervention needs to be promulgated to ensure that young citizens are fully aware of the consequences of obesity and its predisposing factor. Management and Theoretical Opinions Peoples way of life in relation to their health has been regarded as the origin of several current diseases, which can be controlled by exploring many models in health that recognizes the reasons for behavioural transformation (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). Kobetz et al. (2005) claimed that a well constructed and strategic propagation of a theory based health communication and identifying the relevance of the theory is a major input to achieving a successful communication. In order to have a valuable communication strategy that is well managed to combat the pandemic of obesity in childhood, the health promoter has sourced the help of a model called the Health Belief Model (HBM) (Becker, 1974). Janz and Becker (1984) declared that this model was previously developed to envisage precautionary health behaviours. The model looks at how beliefs impact on behaviour (Abraham and Sheeran, 2005), .i.e. what a person put into practice depends on how defenceless they recognize themselves to be to the ailment, their idea about susceptibility to the ailment (obesity) and its predisposing factor, the anticipated severity of that incidence, the advantage of implementing self-protection, and the barrier to its implementation. Where such health beliefs are understood from health education or perceived symptoms, it can help in stimulating healthy behavioural change (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). This is why a college is chosen to propagate and increase the awareness of obesi ty pandemic among children and to suggest a solution that could be of help to teenagers. Prochaska et al. (1992) also brought the idea of another model that suggests that individuals change their actions at some specific stages in life rather than making a single revolution. This model identifies that an individual move through several ladder to attain a healthy living only if they are aware of the necessity to make corrections. Empowerment as related by (Tones and Tilford, 2001) was pointed out to be the major goal of health message propagation, because it help to develop individual autonomy and ensure they gain more power over their daily lives. It focuses on a bottom-up programme development technique (Laverack, 2005), because it tends to appraise peoples necessities before a strategy that will suit their condition is planned. An empowered and independent individual who recognizes that being obese can results into a lot of life threatening diseases later in life, which could make life miserable would tend to be cautious about the kind of lifestyle they adopt. This empowerment approach is viewed from the micro and macro perspectives, which are the self-empowerment and the community development approach (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). The former shows the extent at which individuals have authorities over their relationship with the society (Berry, 2007), while the latter encourage groups in the community to colle ctively discover their needs. Therefore, an approach that empowers, inform and enhance change in conduct is required for an effective health campaign. In planning a health communication programme whose overall goal is to increase the awareness of obesity, it is very crucial that the establishment work collectively together and coordinate themselves in the same direction. This combined work is evaluated by using the idea of the SWOT analysis which considers the interior and the exterior component of an environment as a very important part of the premeditated planning process (Jackson et al., 2003). This assesses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in planning the strategy. This assessment includes: Strength: The help of some of the staff of the institution will be requested for volunteering role to reduce the finances of the plan, and to make student have a sense of belonging, since some of their tutors will be involved in impacting the messages. Weaknesses: Problems might arise from encouraging food vendors to change the kind of food they prepare , because they might be reluctant in making changes due to an anticipated reduction in their sales and profit. A conflict problem might also arise when trying to create partnership among the department that would be involved. Funding of the strategy might also create a hindrance. Opportunities: This strategy might help to reduce students thought of choosing to eat food that are life threatening. Threats: This can lead to reduction of students purchasing power on foods that are high in cholesterol, which could affect the shops that need to make profit. All effective organisation routine relies on the triumphant management of the prospects, challenges and the risks presented by the outside atmosphere. A well recognized technique for analysing the general environment is the PEST analysis .i.e. the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and Technological influences (Harvard Business School Press, 2006). The key issues pertaining to the current strategy are explained below: Political: The existing nation policies will be sourced to ensure the effectiveness of the new strategy by checking whether there are surviving political issues on obesity, and to exercise how this new intervention will add more to the knowledge of the public. Economic: An approximate idea of the student finances will be identified, to assess if they will be able to afford the healthy food, so as to ensure compliance. Socio-cultural: Student belief about the kind of food they eat their environmental and peer group influence on the choice of food they purchase will be examined. Technological: Effort to provide weighing machines for Body Mass Index (BMI) check on campus and in the hall of residence and also provision of healthy food transaction machines. In an organizational system it is of utmost significance that the manager and the leaders in charge of the success of an organization are well equipped with the traditions and personality of the people they work with. An effective leader and manager must ensure that they play a dynamic role, designate people and resources to the right avenue, and promote success all the time (Young and Dulewicz, 2009). A manager duty was summarized by (Stewart, 1999) as someone that makes a decision on how an establishment should be run by laying good examples in practice, cultivating the act of motivating the staff, encouraging good interpersonal interaction and communication, as well as ensuring improvement of staff skills and knowledge through different improvement programmes. It was also stated by Hargie and Dickson (2004, p.8) that managers at all levels must engage in four major activities to ensure the success of an organisation, this includes: planning, organising, leading and evaluating. There are different management theories that can be used in planning this strategy, but the contingency theory is the best (Donaldson, 2001). It was claimed by (Vecchio, 2000) that the technique and systems of running an organization bulge down to the incentive given to the staff and the dedication of the staff to the company. Leadership was also described by (Mullins, 2002) as the value that can be introduced into a profession which is not designated to a particular person but comes as an impulsive reaction. In achieving an effective management technique, maintaining a conflict free team work must be the ultimate duty of a leader as well as a good manager. A management skill that will ensure acknowledging the ideas of all team members must be established to avoid conflict, because a victorious team must have an apparent goal, good interpersonal relationship, excellent communication skills and must be up to the task. This idea was supported by Hargie and Dickson (2004) when they highlighted the four major skills that must be exercised to shun conflict. Martins and Rogers (2004) stated that to properly deal with a team conflict, a manager must adopt the ability to negotiate and bargain, which is very important in tackling a team problem. This help to create a rapport among the team members which will ensure reaching a compromise by finding solution to the conflict. Martin and Rogers (2004) also suggested that for a manager to be in full control, he must be calm, logical in his thoughts and be able to control his emotions. To meet the overall aims of this strategy, Martin and Rodgers (2004) pointed out that it will be important to adopt a coordinated partnership approach. This will involve statutory sectors, particularly health and education, local, voluntary and community sectors such as Health and Social Trust, as well as Healthy Living Centre. Such organisations could be involved in supporting and providing information to increase awareness. Communication Strategy The chosen venue for the proposed communication strategy is the Northern Regional College (NRC) in Newtownabbey area of Northern Ireland, since early years of children and teenagers has been described as a period when they tend to acquire long term behaviours and attitudes (Naidoo and Wills ,2009, p.206).The NRC is an educational and learning institution where skills can be impacted in a secure and compassionate environment ,which made it a perfect place for propagating a health message ( Xiangyang et al., 2003). In view of the fact that teenage years are characterized by peer group influence, the school surroundings provides a chance to communicate with adolescent and provides learning opportunities and a secure environment to perform latest skills (Naidoo and Wills, 2009, P.207). This strategy will focus on young children of both sexes in a college setting of age range 14-16 years old through the adoption of a classroom-based method of delivering lecture that will enlighten the students on the proper dietary habit and the kind of healthy food they can lay their hands on. This educational intervention will comprise of about five lectures, which will be accomplished in a week. Different materials like visual aids, slides and transparency that have been pre-tested in the pilot study will be used by the volunteers and the health promoter involved in propagating the messages. The visual aid will contain important information on diet and health, many food deficiency disorders, and importance of physical activity and the various kinds that will suit the student daily life. Interpersonal interactions, small group discourse and group work, as well as workshops that will comprise of the use of the slides to convey healthy eating messages to increase the awareness of ob esity, that is tips that will assist them to eat well will also be show cased to augment the stuff of the message being delivered (Parrot, 2004). A follow up pamphlet containing all the messages delivered will be provided for the college students to upgrade the information they have heard during the intervention. Posters displayed at every corner of the school will also be involved to ensure students are well informed. Overall Goal The overall aim of this communication strategy is to inform and raise the intensity of consciousness among college students about the risk of obesity. Objective The purpose of this proposed strategy will centre on enlightening student by creating alertness, which will result in healthy way of life from the scrash by catching them in their juvenile years. The objective is adapting the term (SMART), which means the aim must be Specific for the programme, Measurable, Achievable in its totality, and Realistic to the target group as well as Time conscious (Mullins, 2002). The learning objectives are To create awareness about the kind of healthy food that can promotes healthy living among teenagers. To guarantee teenagers disseminate the message received from school to other members of the families for optimum health. To enlighten students about the kind of lifestyle they need to instill to avoid the risk of having the ailment. To establish whether student have a prior knowledge of the ailment and its consequences. To prevent obesity and overweight by promoting attitudes, knowledge and communication skills that makes healthy eating practices realisable. Time Frame The anticipated time for the programme would be within a three months period. Which means the strategic planning should start roughly in May 2010 and execution of the plan should begin in June and end in July 2010. During this period the pilot study that is incorporated into the plan will be undertaken, to provide an opportunity to appraise and monitor the effectiveness of the strategy, so as to make amendment where necessary. Implementation of the Strategy To achieve a success in carrying out this strategy an ethical issue must be considered, since the target group are among the vulnerable groups of the society. This view was declared by (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001) where they highlighted the four famous ethical principles that need to be put in place when organising any health promotion campaign. This include respecting peoples autonomy and confidentiality, being beneficence, causing no destruction to people, and making good justice as at when necessary. Considering all this ethics the message to be delivered must be free of ambiguities, threat free, and must also be from an authentic source to avoid misinformation. Evaluation The appraisal for this strategy must be in line with measuring the goal set down during the planning of the strategy. Since evaluation is done mainly to assess the development and the usefulness of a programme, it is fundamental to gather information during the commencement and closing of an intervention program (Naidoo and Wills 2009, p.296). The type of data considered necessary for this anticipated strategy will involve the use of the two means of gathering information .i.e. the qualitative and the quantitative method of data collection (Parry-Langdon et al., 2003). An impact assessment method of evaluation will be incorporated into the sessions by distributing questionnaires to the college students to fill in furtively before each session and instantly after the session to assess their knowledge about obesity ailment and its risk before and to measure the impact of the strategy on the college students after the intervention. A focus group dialogue will also be held amo ng students and their tutors to establish if the modus operandi used for the programme execution was a good idea. This is needed to prove the quality of the future programme that will be executed (Nutbeam, 1998). Conclusion Obesity is regarded as one of the key health predicament facing both the developed and developing society today, and it is fundamental that society are provided with all the essential information and support required to improve and sustain high-quality health. The role of communication in enabling and empowering the populace to make intelligent decisions about life is vital to changing behaviour, and the approach in which knowledge is assimilated goes a long way in effecting change. The effectiveness of communication depends on the authenticity of peoples daily lives and their present practices, as well as their perception towards existence. To attain prolong success in health promotion; it is very crucial that work is motivated by using the bottom up approach (Naidoo and Wills, 2009), and to ensure all management issues are taken into consideration.

Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

ECON 1023 Fall 2011 Instructor: Gibson Nene Chapter 1 Lecture Notes: Limits, Alternatives and Choices The economic perspective or economic way of thinking takes the following concepts into consideration: * Scarcity and Choice * Purposeful Behavior * Marginalism: Benefits and Costs Scarcity and Choice Economics is about wants and means: * Society has the resources to make goods and services that satisfy our many desires. * However, our economic wants far exceed the productive capacity of our limited resources – our resources are scarce. Scarcity Definition: means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people want In other words economic resources are scarce and wants are infinite. What is the meaning of scarcity from the consumers’ perspective? * Scarcity refers to limitations in consumption of the goods that are available because of limited income * Consumers have an income constraint. Because resources are scarce when we choose to produce something we simultaneously make the choice to forgo producing something else. * When a good is produced, the resources employed can no longer be used to make another good. We must decide what we will have and what we must forgo. Such sacrifices are referred to as opportunity costs. Opportunity cost Dfn: The value of the good, service or time forgone to obtain something else. When you choose to go to college, you forgo some potential income earnings. So Economics studies the choices made by individuals and societies to utilize sca rce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. Purposeful behavior We make decisions to achieve desired outcomes * We are not always perfect in our choices Human behavior is assumed to reflect rational self-interest Economics assumes that individuals seek to increase or maximize their utility: pleasure, happiness or satisfaction * As consumers we assume you are purposeful in deciding what goods and services to buy. * You want to get the best out of their choices * Business firms are purposeful in deciding what products to produce and how. * Governmental entities are purposeful in deciding what services to provide and how to finance them. * In an nutshell, society seeks to get the best out of every choice. Does rational self-interest mean that individuals are selfish? It turns out that a lot of people help society through charitable donations, expertise without expecting you to pay for the service. Marginalism: Benefits and Costs What is the meaning of Marginal in economics? Marginal means extra, additional a change in. A change from the staus quo. e. g. should I study an extra hour for the exam? Should I buy an extra pair of shoes? Every decision involves marginal benefits (MB) and because of scarce resources, marginal costs (MC). Which choice would make you better off? MB=MC, MB>MC, MB Theories > Laws and principles > Models Economic principles are statements about economic behavior that enable prediction of the probable effects of certain actions. * They serve as tools for ascertaining cause and effect (or action and outcome) within the economic system: * â€Å"Purposeful simplifications† – simplify complex reality * Generalizations – make statements about typical or average consumers, workers, or business firms * Ceteris p aribus (Other things equal) – all variables except those under consideration are held constant * Graphical expression – many models are expressed graphically Microeconomics versus macroeconomics Microeconomics studies individual decision-making units, such as a consumer, a worker, or a business firm. Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole or it aggregates. The economic problem Individual’s economic problem The economic problem faced by individuals can be summarized using a budget line What is a budget line? Suppose you received a $120 Barnes and noble gift card as a birthday present. The card expires soon, so you want to use everything on the card on books and DVDs. Your Budget here is $120 Two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10 First step in constructing a budget line. Construct a table showing the alternative combinations of the two products that are available. Graphing the budget line What do we learn from the budget line? Trade-offs and Opportunity costs Implications of a straight-line budget constraint Choice Limited income forces people to choose what to buy and what to forgo to fulfill wants. What happens to the budget line when your income changes? A reduction or decrease in income: Suppose the gift card has $60 on it and prices do not change. You still want to buy the same two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10. The budget line associated with a reduction in income. An Increase in income: Suppose the gift card has $240 on it while prices of DVDs and books remain the same The budget line associated with income increase Society’s economic problem * Economic resources are scarce * What are economic resources? The production possibility model * Assumptions Production possibilities table Lists the different combinations of two products that can be produced with a specific set of resources, assuming full employment. Assume a simple economy producing only Pizza and manufacturing equipment. Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | Pizza(hundred 000s)Manufacturing equipment ( thousands)| 010| 19| 27| 34| 40| | | | | | | Production possibilities curve The law of increasing opportunity costs A movement from point A to point B: Movement from point B to point C Movement from point C to point D Movement from point D to point E The shape of the curve PPF Example 2 Below is a production possibilities table for consumer goods (automobiles) and capital goods (forklifts): Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | AutomobilesForklifts| 030| 227| 421| 612| 80| | | | | | | | | | | | | The PPF If the economy is at point C, what is the cost of one more automobile? Of one more forklift? Explain how the production possibilities curve reflects the law of increasing opportunity costs. If the economy characterized by this production possibilities table and curve were producing 3 automobiles and 20 forklifts, what could you conclude about its use of its available resources? What would production at a point outside the production possibilities curve indicate? What must occur before the economy can attain such a level of production? Suppose improvement occurs in the technology of producing forklifts but not in the technology of producing automobiles. Now assume that a technological advance occurs in producing automobiles but not in producing forklifts. Now draw a production possibilities curve that reflects technological improvement in the production of both goods. Optimal allocation of resources Marginal benefit curve The marginal cost curve The intersection of the two MB=MC MB>MC MC>MB PPFs and Unemployment, Growth, and the future Unemployment or underutilization of resources Economic growth Present choices and future possibilities Investment in future goods such as capital goods, research, education, and medicine, promotes economic growth. An economy that invests more in these future goods versus one that invests in current goods. Presentville: more consumption today and less production of future goods Futureville: less consumption today and more production of future goods. Futureville will have a greater production capacity in the future and greater consumption in the future when compared to the one that favors present goods. Which economy made a better choice here?

Fast Food Globalization

Fast Food Globalization Some people get confused when they hear the word, globalization. What is it? Globalization is a modern term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange. That means the world is slowly becoming one by producing goods and services in one part of the world, only to share it on an international level. This is a deeply controversial issue, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living. Whereas, opponents of globalization claim that the creation of a free international market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local cultures and common people. Clearly, fast food is a representative of this globalization process. In this essay, I will discuss the globalization of fast food in other countries and the negative effects it has made on traditional diets, eating habits, and culture as a whole. A major challenge of doing business internationally is to adapt effectively to different cultures. Several fast food companies have shown the willingness to adapt to local customs. Some examples of how international fast food chains have attempted to accommodate local tastes include: the Teriyaki McBurger at a McDonald’s in Japan, consisting of a sausage patty in a bun with teriyaki sauce; a curry potato pie and a red bean ice cream sundae in Hong Kong; a broiled salmon sandwich at a Burger King in Chile; even a pizza from Pizza Hut was â€Å"delivered† to the International Space Station in 2001, a collaboration between the company and Russian scientists. But no matter where fast food restaurants are located or what type of food they sell, their most fundamental operating principle is standardization. This means selling the exact same food everywhere, limiting the number of food choices. For some people, it is comforting when there aren’t very many choices, knowing in advance what they will be eating and how it will taste. Ironically, there are some people who dislike fast food, yet a hungry person in a hurry or someone who is far away from home would often find it convenient. In 1921, the first business to be called a fast food restaurant was White Castle, located in Wichita, Kansas. It sold hamburgers for five cents each. The idea caught on and by the late 1930’s, a California restaurant called Bob’s introduced a hamburger with two patties of meat and named it the Big Boy. After World War II, the number of restaurants specializing in fast food grew tremendously. Therefore, each company needed a special feature to survive in the competitive marketplace. But how can one stand out from the rest when selling the same types of fast food? The innovators at White Castle developed a solution to this problem: aggressive advertising. By featuring commercials with cheerful music and catchy jingles on the radio or television, fast food companies were able to rely on their marketing strategies to convince consumers that their food offered the best taste and value money could buy. Changes in lifestyles and eating habits, such as the consumption of fast food and the dependence of food imports has led to the decline of traditional foods and cultures. With that being said, nutritional related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases and stroke are on the rise and accounts for more than fifty percent of the deaths in the region. Americans traditionally eat a mixture of some of the best and some of the worst foods you can find for breakfast. Among the worst: fatty sweets, like doughnuts and cinnamon rolls; salty meats, such as sausage and bacon; and eggs, whose yolks add more cholesterol to the average American’s diet than any other single food. Among the best: fresh fruit or juice; dairy foods that are low in fat, like yogurt and milk; and whole grains found in hot or cold cereals. The problem is that the food industry keeps tempting us with an abundance of less nutritious foods that cater to our fast paced lifestyles. For Americans, their biggest challenge is rushing to get dinner on the table, leading many people to rely on take-out, fast food or easy-to-fix convenience foods. Fast food is convenient because you get it fast, it fills you up and you don’t have to worry about sanitary issues. Globalization is primarily about speed and this is why the world has taken up American eating habits. People are so pressed for time that they resort to fast food. But because people are consuming more food these days, it theoretically, should take longer. As a result, poor eating habits means more eating disorders and health issues. This is a growing crisis and the only way to fix this, is to make it easier for people to eat healthier without having to take a lot of time worrying about it and actually doing it. After four decades, our obsession with fast, cheap food has transformed our towns and flooded the labor market with low-paying, dead-end jobs. Americans now spend more money on fast food than they do on higher education, personal computers, software or new cars. In fact, they spend more on fast food than on movies, books, magazines, newspapers, videos and recorded music – combined. These are just a few facts about the negative effect globalization has made on traditional culture here in America. Today, the only Americans who earn lower wages than fast-food workers are migrant farm workers. It now employs some of the poorest, most disadvantaged members of American society. Fast food companies often teach basic job skills to people who can barely read, whose lives have been chaotic or shut off from the mainstream. According to an article found in the Rolling Stones magazine, a survey of American schoolchildren found that ninety-six percent could identify Ronald McDonald. The only fictional character with a higher degree of recognition was Santa Claus. Its corporate symbol, the Golden Arches, is now more widely recognized than the Christian cross. It’s devastating to see how the impact of McDonald's on the nation's culture alone, has forced our economy and diet into a state of despair that it is in. I have discussed how the fast food industry has played a crucial role in the globalization process, as well as how it has affected the poor eating habits of traditional diets in America. The globalization of fast food has made such a negative impact on today’s society, that there is no denying what our future holds. Right now is the best time to make fast food less unhealthy and make healthier food more rapidly available. In conclusion, the world as we know it is heading towards a never-ending battle of complicated health issues and an onset of shortened life spans. I’m sure we can all agree that America loves value. But in the end, if you know it can cause obesity, it’s a pretty poor value. Not only are you going to end up with expensive health-care costs, but you’ll also end up earning less money. If we don’t take the proper precautions now, we could end up with all kinds of economic consequences on a worldwide scale. Works Cited Ancker, William P. â€Å"Fast Food and Globalization. † English Teaching Forum. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. 11 Mar. 2008 . —. â€Å"Fast Food World: The Hamburger Comes of Age. † English Teaching Forum. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. 11 Mar. 2008 . â€Å"The Best & Worst Breakfasts. † FindArticles. com. Nov. 1999. Nutritional Action Health letter. 11 Mar. 2008 . Schlosser, Eric. â€Å"Fast-Food Nation: The True Cost Of America's Diet. † Rolling Stones 3 Sept. 1998. 11 Mar. 2008 . Stein, Joel. â€Å"A New Fast-Food Invasion. † Time. com 29 Mar. 2007. 11 Mar. 2008 . Williams, David E. â€Å"A Nation’s Eating Habits. † CNN. com 8 Dec. 2006. Healthy Bodies. 11 Mar. 2008 .

Horrific and Disturbing Murders in Illinois - 1741 Words

Criminal Crimes There have been many horrific and disturbing murders in Illinois. There have also been gangs that have been born and destroyed in Illinois. Two of these terrible happened to take place in little Skidmore. One of the gangs in Illinois was Charlie Birger and his Boys. A dreadful and unfortunate murder happened on the famous Chain of Rocks Bridge. The last murder took place in a young woman’s house. Many of these murders and gangs were terrible and scarred the state of Illinois. Stealing a baby from a womb A horrific murder happened in tiny Skidmore on December of 2004. Lisa Montgomery and Bobbi Jo Stinnett met and found out that they had much in common and became good friends (Nunes 85-86). Surprisingly, Bobbi and†¦show more content†¦6). Before Charlie was hanged, he hired a company to produce postcards of him and his men posing with their variety of guns. On the day of the execution, he formally shook hands with the hangman and he smiled broadly at the sheriff. Charlie was offered morphine before he was hanged, but shockingly he refused the offer (â€Å"Birger† para. 4-7). Charlie Birger cultivated his own legend and he knew that in seventy to eighty years he would become a legend. Little boys in his town still like the gallows. In his town, he is still considered a folk hero. Some people may even describe him a tommy-gun toting Robin Hood. Miraculously, he managed to sweet talk the authorities into letting him bring his machine gun with him (â€Å"Birger† par a. 8-10). Before he was executed along time ago, a rival gang took dynamite and blew up his Shady Rest cabin and, the cabin no longer exist on Route 13 between Harrisburg and Marion where it used to lay. People like to say it was the first aerial bombing in this country but it wasn’t. Charlie Birger died at age forty-eight but he looked a lot younger (Birger para. 8-10). Author Gary DeNeal researched Charlie Birger and his gang. 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According to Cate Baily, in her article entitled VoicesRead MoreReconstruction : The Burning Years10732 Words   |  43 PagesDAN GORMAN [Opening Narration]: The following program contains strong language and disturbing thematic content. Listener discretion is advised. (beat) From — — — Productions: RECONSTRUCTION: THE BURNING YEARS. (Music) D.G.: Good evening. My name is Dan Gorman. Like many of you, I didn’t learn much about Reconstruction in high school. I had a wonderful teacher who did much to show the nuances of American history, such as the effects of states’ rights and slavery on the Civil War. Still, my teacherRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAristide Zolberg’s suggestively titled â€Å"The Exit Revolution† and John Torpey, â€Å"Leaving: A Comparative View,† in Citizenship and Those Who Leave: The Politics of Emigration and Expatriation, ed. Nancy L. Green and Francois Weil (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007). 18. Andreas Fahrmeir, Olivier Faron, and Patrick Weil, eds., Migration Control in the North Atlantic World: The Evolution of State Practices in Europe and the United States from the French Revolution to the Inter-War Period (NewRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesby writers such as the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. He argues (1989) that as the bureaucracy develops its routines and ‘rational’ approaches to decision making, notions of the ‘moral impulse’ become dampened so that members can engage in the most horrific acts. This is a theme to which we return in Chapter 6. In order to illustrate his thesis, Bauman discussed bureaucratic engagement in the Holocaust as a particular feature of the modernist understanding of the world, and indeed other writers have